1 BRU
 BRU is the RSX-11M system utility to back up and restore Files-11
 disk volumes.
 
	>BRU /qualifier(s)  source  target
	or
	$ MCR BRU
	xxx>/qualifier(s)
	From: source
	To: target
 
 The BRU command invokes the BRU system utility program to provide
 functions that allow you to back up and restore Files-11 volumes. It
 transfers files from a volume to a backup volume (or volumes) to
 ensure that copies of the files are available in case the original
 files are destroyed. If for any other reason the copies need to be 
 retrieved, you can restore the back up files with this command.
 
 Both source and target fields can specify disk or tape units, but at 
 least one of the source or target fields must be a disk. The source 
 field may optionally include from 1 to 16 file specifications, which 
 are used to select which files are to be transferred.
 
 See also the "BRU_on_VAX" topic for information on using BRU on the
 VAX under VMS.
2 Examples
 Example of a complete disk copy to a 1600 bpi tape:
 
	BRU>/DENSITY:1600  DB2:  MM0:
 
 Example of a copy from tape to disk, initializing the disk and using
 prompting:
 
	BRU>/DENSITY:1600
	From:   MM1:
	To:     DK2:
	Initialize the output disk?    YES
 
 Example of a disk-to-disk transfer from a mounted disk, initializing
 the output disk:
 
	BRU>/INITIALIZE/MOUNTED
	From:   DB0:
	To:	DB3:

 Example of a multiple disk-to-disk backup operation:

        BRU>/INITIALIZE/IMAGE:SAVE/VERIFY/MOUNT
        From:   DL0:
        To:     DY0: 

Example of a multiple disk-to-disk restore operation:

        BRU>/INITIALIZE/IMAGE:RESTORE/VERIFY
        From:   DY0:
        To:     DL0: 
2 Qualifiers
 The available qualifiers are:
 
/APPEND
 BRU>/APPEND source target
 
 The /APPEND qualifier appends a backup set from the input disk volume 
 to the last backup set on the output tape or on the output disk if
 you are using the /IMAGE qualifier.

 If the output tape was positioned at the beginning, /APPEND causes
 a skip to the logical end-of-tape before writing the new backup set. 
 The output volume is searched for the last logical end-of-file.
 
 If the output tape is already positioned at logical end-of-tape, /APPEND
 causes BRU to start writing where the tape is currently positioned.
 
 If the output tape is not positioned at the beginning or at logical
 end-of-tape, /APPEND/REWIND will rewind the tape and then space forward
 until the logical end-of-tape.
 
 If the tape is a continuation tape (that is, not the first tape of a
 tape set) or if the last backup set does not end on the tape, an error
 message is displayed.

 If the output device is a disk and you are using the /IMAGE qualifier,
 /APPEND causes BRU to check the container file header for the logical
 end-of-file on teh output disk.  BRU then starts writing at the logical
 end-of-file.
 
 If the output disk is a continuation disk (that is, not the first disk
 in a set) or if the last backup set does not end on the disk, BRU
 displays an error message.

 You cannot use the /APPEND qualifier during a backup operation to 
 a mounted disk.
/BACKUP_SET
 BRU>/BACKUP_SET:name source target
 
 The /BACKUP_SET qualifier allows you to specify the name of the backup
 set to be placed on the tape or disk. For tape and for an unmounted
 disk, the default name is the volume name of the disk being backed up.
 This name may be up to 12(10) characters long.  For a mounted input
 or output disk during an image backup or restore operation, you can 
 specify the full backup set file name with the /BACKUP_SET qualifier.
 If you do not specify the file name, the default is [0,0]BACKUP.SYS.
 
 When applied to an output tape volume, the backup set name assigns the
 name of the backup set being placed on the volume. Multiple backup sets
 may be placed on a single volume.
 
 When applied to an input tape volume, the first tape is searched for
 the specified backup set name. If you specify no backup set name with
 the input volume, the first backup set on the tape is restored.
 
 Several sequential backup sets from the same tape can be restored
 without having to rewind the tape between operations.  The first tape
 in the backup set is not rewound unless you specify /REWIND.

 When this qualifier is applied to an input disk volume, BRU searches the
 entire disk for each backup set you specify.  Each backup set is then
 restored in the order of the backup set names provided by you.
/BAD
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/BAD:[AUTOMATIC] source target
                      MANUAL
                      OVERRIDE
 
 The /BAD qualifier is used with the /INITIALIZE qualifier during 
 tape-to-disk or disk-to-disk operations.  /BAD creates the file
 BADBLK.SYS on the output disk.
 
 For last-track devices, AUTOMATIC causes the manufacturer's bad block
 information and the software-detected bad sector file to be used to
 create BADBLK.SYS. For non-last-track devices, the software bad block
 descriptor block is used to create BADBLK.SYS.  AUTOMATIC is the
 default option.
 
 OVERRIDE applies only to last-track devices, causing the last-track
 device to appear to be a non-last-track device. When OVERRIDE is speci-
 fied, BRU uses the software bad block descriptor block to create
 BADBLK.SYS and ignores the manufacturer-written information.
 
 MANUAL accepts the addresses of bad blocks entered interactively from
 the terminal.  MANUAL also requests BRU to use either the 
 manufacturer-written bad block information and the software-detected
 bad sector file (for last-track devices) or the bad block descriptor
 block (for non-last-track devices) to create BADBLK.SYS.
/BUFFERS
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/BUFFERS:number source target
 
 The /BUFFERS qualifier specifies the default number of directory File
 Control Blocks (FCBs) on each volume.  The FCBs are stored in memory
 by the ACP when the volume is mounted.  The more FCBs there are stored
 in memory, the faster that files contained in heavily used directories
 are found.  The default number of buffers is the same as for the input
 disk.
 
 The /BUFFERS qualifier is used with the /INITIALIZE qualifier during
 tape-to-disk or disk-to-disk operations.
/COMPARE
 
 BRU>/COMPARE source target
 
 The /COMPARE qualifier compares the data on the output device with the
 data on the input device and reports any differences.  No data 
 transfer takes place during a compare operation.
 
 The command line specifying the compare operation must be identical
 to that entered when the data on the output volume was created, with
 the exception of the /INITIALIZE, /NOINITIALIZE, and /APPEND qualifiers.
/CREATED
 
 BRU>/CREATED:BEFORE:(dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss) source target
              BEFORE:dd-mmm-yy
              BEFORE:hh:mm:ss
              AFTER:(dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss)
              AFTER:dd-mmm-yy
              AFTER:hh:mm:ss
 
 The /CREATED qualifier allows you to select for backup or restore
 files created before or after the specified date and/or time.
 
 If you use the BEFORE option, BRU copies any files created before
 the specified date and/or time.
 
 If you use the AFTER option, BRU copies any files created on or after
 the specified date and/or on or after the specified time.
 
 If you specify both a date and time, the date and time must be enclosed
 in parentheses. If you specify only a date or only a time, the paren-
 theses are not necessary. If you specify only a time, the current date 
 is used.  If you specify only a date, the time defaults to 00:00.
 
/DENSITY
 
 BRU>/DENSITY:number source target
 
 The /DENSITY qualifier specifies the density at which a magnetic tape
 is to be written.  The following values are legal:
 
 Drive          Default Density         Optional Density
 
 TU10/TE10          800                     NONE
 TU16/TE16          800                     1600
 TU45               800                     1600
 TU77               800                     1600
 TSV05             1600                     NONE
 TS11              1600                     NONE
 TU78              6250                     1600
 TU80              1600                     NONE
 
 If you specify /DENSITY with /APPEND, you must specify the density at
 which the existing tape data was written. If you specify a density other
 than the original density, a warning message is displayed and
 processing will continue at the correct density.
 
 If you specify an incorrect density for a restore operation, an error
 message is displayed and the operation is terminated.
/DIRECTORY
 
 BRU>/DIRECTORY source
 BRU>/BACKUP_SET:name/DIRECTORY source
 
 The /DIRECTORY qualifier lists the backup set names or files on the
 specified tape volume.  In a multivolume tape set, the directory is
 on the first tape of the set.  In a multivolume disk set, the directory
 is on the first disk of the set.
 
 When specified with no backup set name, /DIRECTORY lists all the backup
 sets on the volume.
 
 When used with the /BACKUP_SET qualifier, /DIRECTORY lists the files
 in the specified backup set.  If the backup set is not on the tape,
 an error message is displayed and the operation is terminated.
/DISPLAY
 
 BRU>/DISPLAY source target
 
 The /DISPLAY qualifier prints the file name and UFD of each file as the
 header for that file is being transferred.
/ERRORS
 
 BRU>/ERRORS:number
 
 The /ERRORS qualifier requests termination of a restore operation after
 the specified number of nonfatal tape read errors have occurred.
 
 The range for number is 0 to 65535.  The default is /ERRORS:25.
/EXCLUDE
 
 BRU>/EXCLUDE ddnn:filespec(s) target
 
 The /EXCLUDE qualifier specifies that files matching the file specifi-
 cations in the command line be excluded from the backup or restore
 operation. 
/EXTEND
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/EXTEND:number source target
 
 The /EXTEND qualifier specifies the default number of blocks a file
 will be extended when that file has exhausted its allocated space.
 This value is used by an ACP when the volume is mounted.
 
 The /EXTEND qualifier is used with the /INITIALIZE qualifier during
 tape-to-disk or disk-to-disk operations.

 The default is the number of blocks from the input disk.
/HEADERS
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/HEADERS:number source target
 
 The /HEADERS qualifier specifies the number of file headers to allocate
 initially to the index file. The primary reason for preallocating file
 headers is to locate them near the storage bitmap file. Proper place-
 ment of file headers can help reduce head motion during I/O operations.
 
 The /HEADERS qualifier is used with the /INITIALIZE qualifier during
 tape-to-disk and disk-to-disk operations.
/INITIALIZE
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE source target
 
 The /INITIALIZE qualifier specifies that you want to initialize the
 output disk during a tape-to-disk or disk-to-disk operation. Initia-
 lization places a Files-11 structure on the disk, including the boot
 block, the home block, and the required system files.
 
 Along with the /INITIALIZE qualifier, you can specify the following
 qualifier when you are initializing a disk: /BAD, /BUFFERS, /EXTEND,
 /HEADERS, /MAXIMUM, /NOPRESERVE, /OUTVOLUME, /POSITION, /PROTECTION,
 and /WINDOWS. If you do not specify any of these qualifiers, the
 characteristics of the input volume are used.
 
 See also the /NOINITIALIZE qualifier.
/IMAGE
 BRU>/IMAGE:SAVE     source target
           :RESTORE

 /IMAGE specifies that you want to do a multivolume disk-to-disk
 backup or restore operation.  If you are doing a backup operation
 you must specify the SAVE option on the command line.  If you want
 to do a restore operation, you must specify the RESTORE operation
 on the command line.

 If you want to do a backup operation, you must use this qualifier
 when you create the backup file that represents the image copy of
 the input disk.  For example, you must use this qualifier when 
 copying a large disk to several small disk, or when copying several
 small disks to a mounted large disk.

 If you want to do a restore operation, you must use this qualifier
 when restoring from a backup file that represents the image copy
 of the original disk.
/INVOLUME
 
 BRU>/INVOLUME:name source target
 
 The /INVOLUME qualifier specifies the volume label of the input disk.
 This name can be up to 12(10) characters long.
 
 For disk-to-tape or disk-to-disk operations, the volume label of the 
 input volume is checked to verify that the disk has the correct label.
 This check ensures that you do not back up the wrong volume.
 
 For restore operations, BRU checks the volume label of the disk that is
 stored in the backup set on tape.
/LENGTH
 
 BRU>/LENGTH:number source target
 
 The /LENGTH qualifier specifies the length of the output tape in deci-
 mal feet. If the length specified exceeds the length of the tape, the
 entire length of the output tape will be used. In cases where you know
 the end of the tape must not be used, you can specify a shorter length
 to ensure that you do not write on that part of the tape.
/MAXIMUM
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/MAXIMUM:number source target
 
 The /MAXIMUM qualifier specifies the maximum number of files that can
 be placed on a volume, as determined by the number of file headers in
 the volume's index file. The default maximum is the maximum number of
 files on the input disk.
/MOUNTED
 
 BRU>/MOUNTED source target
 
 The /MOUNTED qualifier allows you to back up files from a disk that
 is mounted as a Files-11 volume.
 
 Note that disk activity while the files are being backed up may cause
 undesirable results.
/NEW_VERSION
 
 BRU>/NEW_VERSION source target
 
 The /NEW_VERSION qualifier resolves file specification conflicts that
 occur during restore operations and during backups to mounted disk when
 using the /IMAGE:SAVE qualifier.  When a file already exists on the 
 output disk volume, /NEW VERSION creates a new version of the file.
/NOINITIALIZE
 
 BRU>/NOINITIALIZE source target
 
 /NOINITIALIZE specifies that you do not want to initialize the output
 disk because it is already in Files-11 format.  The output disk must
 be mounted as a Files-11 volume.  You cannot enter any of the
 initialization qualifiers when you specify /NOINITIALIZE.  Doing so
 results in an error message.

 See also the /INITIALIZE qualifier.
/NOPRESERVE
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/NOPRESERVE source target
 
 The /NOPRESERVE qualifier specifies that you do not want to preserve
 file-IDs.  BRU suppresses the message about file-IDs not being
 preserved.  Note that when restoring to a mounted disk, not preserving
 files-IDs is BRU's default action.
 
 When file-IDs are not preserved, new file-IDs are assigned and 
 incremented sequentially.
/NOSUPERSEDE
 
 BRU>/NOSUPERSEDE source target
 
 The /NOSUPERSEDE qualifier specifies that when file specifications on
 the output volume are identical to file specifications on the input
 volume, the files on the input volume are not transferred (the files
 on the output volume are not superseded).

 See also the /SUPERSEDE qualifier; /NOSUPERSEDE is the default.
/OUTVOLUME
 
 BRU>/OUTVOLUME:name source target
 
 The /OUTVOLUME qualifier specifies the volume label of the output disk.
 This label can be up to 12(10) characters in length.
 
 For disk-to-tape backup operations, the name of the input disk volume
 stored on the output tape volume is changed to the name specified with
 the /OUTVOLUME qualifier.
 
 For tape-to-disk restore operations or for disk-to-disk transfers, the
 name of the output disk volume is changed to the name specified with
 the /OUTVOLUME qualifier.
/POSITION
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/POSITION:BEGINNING source target
                          MIDDLE
                          END
                          BLOCK:number
 
 The /POSITION qualifier specifies the location of the index file on
 the output disk volume being initialized, usually to minimize access
 time.  The BEGINNING, MIDDLE, and END options specify the beginning,
 middle, and end of a volume.  The BLOCK:number option specifies a
 block number where the index file is to be placed.  The BEGINNING
 option is generally used only when a disk mostly contains large
 contiguous files.
 
 The default location is at the same location as that on the input disk.  
/PROTECTION
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/PROTECTION:SYSTEM:value source target
                            OWNER:value
                            GROUP:value
                            WORLD:value
 
 The /PROTECTION qualifier specifies the default protection for all new
 files created on the disk after the BRU transfer has completed.
 Each access code consists of a positional keyword specifying the
 protection group (SYSTEM:, OWNER:, GROUP:, WORLD:) followed by a 4-code
 group specifying the protection, as follows:
 
	R - allow read access to file
	W - allow write access to file
	E - allow file to be extended
	D - allow file to be deleted
 
 If this qualifier is not specified, the defaults from the input disk
 are used.
/REVISED
 
 BRU>/REVISED:BEFORE:(dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss) source target
              BEFORE:dd-mmm-yy
              BEFORE:hh:mm:ss
              AFTER:(dd-mmm-yy hh:mm:ss)
              AFTER:dd-mmm-yy
              AFTER:hh:mm:ss
 
 The /REVISED qualifier allows you to back up or restore files revised
 before or after the specified date and time.
 
 If you use the BEFORE option, BRU copies any files revised on or before
 the specified date and/or time.
 
 If you use the AFTER option, BRU copies any files revised on or after
 the specified date and/or on or after the specified time.
 
 If you specify both a date and time, the date and time must be enclosed 
 in parentheses.  If you specify only a date or time, the parentheses
 are not necessary.  If you specify only a time, BRU uses the current
 date as a default.  If you specify only a date, the time defaults to
 00:00.
/REWIND
 
 BRU>/REWIND source target
 
 The /REWIND qualifier causes the first magnetic tape of a tape set to
 be rewound before BRU executes a backup or restore operation.
 
 When specified with an input tape, the first tape of the tape set is
 rewound before it is searched for a backup set.
 
 When specified with /APPEND, the input tape is rewound and then
 searched for the logical end-of-tape before BRU executes the backup
 operation.
/SUPERSEDE
 
 BRU>/SUPERSEDE source target
 
 The /SUPERSEDE qualifier specifies that when file specifications on the
 output volume are identical to the file specifications on the input
 volume, the file on the output volume is deleted and replaced with the
 file from the input volume.
 
 For an /IMAGE operation, if you create a backup set file on a mounted
 volume and a file with the same name exists, /SUPERSEDE replaces this
 file.
 
 The default is /NOSUPERSEDE.
/TAPE_LABEL
 
 BRU>/TAPE_LABEL:label source target
 
 The /TAPE_LABEL qualifier specifies the 6-character volume identifier
 on the ANSI VOL1 label to be placed on the tape during a backup opera-
 tion or to be compared with the label on the tape for append and restore
 operations. This allows you to verify that you are using the correct
 tape.
/UFD
 
 BRU>/NOINITIALIZE/UFD
 
 The /UFD qualifier creates UFDs (if they do not already exist) on a
 mounted output volume, then copy into it the files from the same UFD
 on the input volume.  If /UFD is not specified, the files are not
 copied.  /UFD is used only with /NOINITIALIZE.
/VERIFY
 
 BRU>/VERIFY source target
 
 The /VERIFY qualifier copies data from the input volume, performs a
 a compare operation between the input volume and the output volume
 after the transfer, and reports any differences.
/WINDOWS
 
 BRU>/INITIALIZE/WINDOWS:numbers source target
 
 The /WINDOWS qualifier specifies the default number of mapping pointers
 to be allocated for file windows when initializing an output disk.  A
 file window consists of a number of pointers and is stored in memory 
 when the file is opened.  
 
 The default number of mapping pointers is the same as for the input disk.

1 BRU_on_VAX
 BRU cannot be fully utilitized under VMS at this time, only a limited
 set of qualifiers work in limited circumstances.  At the present time,
 BRU from RSX-11M V4.0 is available on the system as BRU.EXE and may
 be executed by doing:

	$ MCR BRU     -or- $ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:BRU
	BRU>

 Input must be entered in response to the BRU prompts, the command line
 (with the MCR command) does not seem to work.

2 Gotchas
 Just for clarity here is what one cannot do with BRU on the
 VAX.   For  the most part trying to do one of these in reading a
 BRU tape will result in a "No privilege" error message from BRU:

  1.  BRU cannot output to any  ODS-2  disk.   This  includes  not
      being  able  to write to your current directory using device
      SY:.

  2.  BRU will also not allow one to write on an ODS-1  disk  that
      is  already  initialized  (that is you use the /NOINITIALIZE
      qualifier on the BRU command).  This does not  work  whether
      the output disk volume is mounted as a Files-11 volume or as
      a foreign volume (/FOREIGN) and irrespective of  the  LOG_IO
      privilege.

  3.  BRU  appears not to work with a disk (input or output) which
      is mounted.  Thus disks (and tapes) must be mounted with the
      /FOREIGN qualifier (may need VOLPRO privilege to do so). The
      LOG_IO privilege should not be needed and can caused great
      harm if the wrong device name is entered to BRU.

  4.  BRU only understand RSX device names.  Thus "DRC2:" must be
      described as "DR42:".  If "DRC2:" is entered, then BRU will
      attempt to use "DR0:" which will probably cause a disaster if
      LOG_IO is set.

  5.  BRU will not restore a multi-reel backup tape to disk.  It
      will either hang or die with a -62. (IE.EOT) at the end of the
      first reel.  It will backup and verify onto multiple reels.

2 Disk_to_Disk
 At this time the status of V4.0 BRU disk to disk operations is not
 clear.

2 Tape_Restores
 It is possible to read RSX V4.0 BRU tapes on the VAX by obeying the
 following restrictions:

  1.  The  input  tape  must  be  mounted  as  a  foreign   volume
      (/FOREIGN).

  2.  The output disk must also be mounted  as  a  foreign  volume
      (/FOREIGN).  In this case the logical I/O (LOG_IO) privilege
      is unnecessary and should not be used.  VMS will permit you
      to mount the disk /FOREIGN only if you are the owner or if
      you have VOLPRO.

  3.  BRU must be told to initialize the output disk volume itself
      (possibly with a /INITIALIZE in the BRU command line).  This
      must be done even if reading a single UFD from the tape.

 In restoring from a BRU tape to disk one is restricted to  writing
 to  a scratch disk as any other information on the disk is wiped
 when BRU initializes the volume.  BRU will quite happily restore
 the entire tape or just a single UFD to this scratch disk.

2 Tape_Saves
 It is possible to read RSX V4.0 BRU tapes on the VAX by obeying the
 following restrictions:

  1.  The  output  tape  must  be  mounted  as  a  foreign  volume
      (/FOREIGN).

  2.  The input disk can be mounted as a foreign volume (/FOREIGN).
      In this case the logical I/O (LOG_IO) privilege is unnecessary
      and should not be used.  VMS will permit you to mount the disk
      /FOREIGN only if you are the owner or if you have VOLPRO.

  3.  The input disk can also be mounted as a Files-11 volume.  In
      this  case  the  LOG_IO  privilege  is  required and the BRU
      command line must include a /MOUNTED qualifier.  BEWARE of
      doing this, see the "Gotchas".

  4.  The input disk must be an ODS-1 volume.

 BRU seems to work  equally  well  whether  the  entire  disk  is
 written  to  tape or just a single UFD is written.  However, BRU
 is again unable to handle even the current directory of an ODS-2
 disk.

