%ì VAX-11 Librarian V04-00€Dá‘ IDᑧ@¨5 NEWS ­ IDá‘1 NEWSH NEWS is a VMS bulletin board program. It allows users to read all itemsK posted on the board, post reply to existing items, and create new items onL the board. NEWS conforms to the Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages (RFC1036).I Unlike person-to-person mail, all items posted into NEWS are readable byG ALL users on the system, so the items in NEWS are intended for generalJ view. On this system NEWS is linked into the ACSNET news network, so thatK this node receives news from the acsnet, usenet and arpanet networks. ThisI node also sends all locally generated news to neighbouring ACSNET sites.) News is invoked by the command "$ NEWS".C Commands to NEWS are listed below: some of these commands are NEWSL Management commands, and may only be executed by a nominated "News Manager" account.2 NEWS_StructureD NEWS items are classified into NEWSGROUPS. All items with a similarH subject matter are normally contained in a single newsgro up. Newsgroups+ are normally addressed by their full name.G Each news item within a newsgroup has a TITLE and a SEQUENCE number. AF directory of a newsgroup displays these titles and sequence numbers -7 the sequence number is used to read a particular item.G News allows you to SELECT newsgroups for viewing, READ items, REPLY toF items, POST new news items, EXTRACT items into a local file, REGISTERK yourself into newsgroups, and FORWARD items to other users (via VMS MAIL).2 Logical_ NamesB There are seven logical names which users may define to alter the behaviour of news:F NEWS_INI This can be defined as a file name which contains a setG of DEFINE/KEY commands to change the default key binding of news. e.g.1 $ DEFINE NEWS_INI news_keypad.defsG NEWS_EDIT This logical name can be used to link an editor to NEWS.G The editor is used to generate new postings, and to editD forwarded m ail, and (optionally) in readonly mode, to4 scan the item contents (READ/EDITOR).F By default NEWS links the TPU editor to NEWS, using theD value of the logical name TPUSECINI as the section toF use. If TPUSECINI is not defined, then the EDT emulator is selected.3 This logical name is used to either:H 1. Use the TPU editor with a section other than TPUSECINI& or the EDT e mulator:: $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "TPU/SEC=mysection"3 2. Use EDT as the configured editor:3 $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT CALLABLE_EDTF 3. Call any other editor using a command procedure in a subprocess:@ $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]my_editor.com"7 and NEWS will then SPAWN the command:6 $ @dev:[dir]my_editor.com filenameH The subtopic "Examples " shows an example my_editor.com$ command procedure.D NEWS_VIEW This logical name is only required if you are using aH local editor command procedure as NEWS_EDIT. In this caseD a second procedure is required which invokes the same( editor in read_only mode:@ $ DEFINE NEWS_VIEW "@dev:[dir]my_reader.com"4 and NEWS will then spawn the command:6 $ @dev:[dir]my_reader.com filename E When TPU or EDT is configured as the editor, then NEWSH will automatically add the /READONLY to create a readonly% version of the editor. NEWS_SCANSIZEE NEWS will normally display the text of a newsitem on aD page-by-page basis. When scanning through items it isE often useful to only display the first few lines of anA item, to decide whether to view the complete text.@ I f the logical name NEWS_SCANSIZE is defined as aG number (n), then the first n lines of each new item willD be displayed, and you will be prompted if you wish toH see more of this item. Commonly, a value between 8 and 12 is most useful. NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORYG NEWS will normally remember the last newsgroup directoryE setting across invocations of the program (i.e. If youF had executed DIR/ NEW before exiting NEWS, then when youH next run NEWS, the initial newsgroup directory state willB be restored to DIR/NEW. It is possible to specify a@ constant initial directory state by defining this2 logical name as one of the strings:: ALL NEW REGISTER SINCE SINCE=vms_dateF NEWS_POST_CC This logical name directs NEWS to generate MAIL carbon-A copies of NEWS postings. The logical name value isD  interpreted by NEWS as the name of a CC control file.7 This file consists of lines of the form:$ newsgroup addressD The newsgroup name starts in column 1, and may be theB name of a single newsgroup, or may specify a set ofC newsgroups by including the wildcard match character ('*').B The address is the address to receive a carbon copyA of the posting. It is  separated from the newsgroupE name by at least 1 space character. The address may be3 a DECnet or internet-format address.G The interpretation of the file is such that any postingsF you make into any of the specified newsgroups will also7 generate mail to the matching addresses. MAIL_SIGNATUREC This logical name may be defined as the name of yourD mail signature file. If this logical name is defined,C then the contents of this fill will be automaticallyE appended to all postings and mailings made from within NEWS. 3 Example $ !< $ ! Example command procedure to invoke an editor for NEWS $ ! $ ! Inputs: $ ! $ ! P1 = file name. $ !E $ ! Note that this procedure is run in the context of a subprocess.C $ ! LOGIN.COM is not executed. However, all process logical names( $ ! and DCL global symbols are copied. $ != $ ! The default directory is the same as the parent process $ !C $ ! Note that this will only be invoked if the user has placed in $ ! LOGIN.COM (or similar); $ ! $ DEFINE NEWS_EDIT "@dev:[dir]NEWSEDIT_EXAMPLE.COM" $ !3 $ DEFINE /USER SYS$INPUT 'F$TRNLNM("SYS$OUTPUT")' $ IF P1 .EQS. "" THEN EXIT $ EDIT/EDT 'P1' $ EXIT2 Invoking_NewsB News has a DCL interface similar to that of VMS MAIL, in that theD command NEWS will invoke an interactive session of NEWS, or you canD specify parameters to the NEWS command in order to execute a single command, then return to DCL.K NEWS also has a single optional qualifier, /NOSCREEN, which, if specified,D invokes news in line mode. If not specified screen mode is assumed. Examples: $ NEWS7 call news in screen mode in an interactive session $ NEWS/NOSCREEN5 call news in line mode in an interactive session8 $ NEWS POST/NEWSG=net.animal/SUBJECT="Frogs" frog.txtE  Post the file "frog.txt" into news, into newsgroup "net.animal",0 with the title "Frogs", then return to DCL.2 Keypad& By default, the keypad is configured:F +--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+F | find | insert | remove | | pf1 | pf2 | pf3 | pf4 |F | | | | | | | |SKIP/NEW|F | SEARCH |REGISTER|DEREGIST| | | HELP | SKIP |SGROUP |F +--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+F | select | prev | next | | 7 | 8 | 9 | - |F | | | | | | | | |F | SELECT | UP 18 |DOWN 18 | | PRINT |EXTRACT |EXTR/ALL|EXTR/APP|F +--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+F | 4 | 5 | 6 | , |F | | | | |F | DIR |DIR/NEW |DIR/REG |DIR/ALL |F +--------+--------+--------+--------+F | 1 | 2 | 3 | enter |F | | | | |F | READ |READ/HEA|READ/NEX| |F +--------+--------+--------+ |F | 0 | . | |F |  |READ/NEW| |F | READ/NEW |/FOLLOW | |F +-----------------+--------+--------++ These defaults may be altered in two ways:A o Using the DEFINE/KEY command to bind a news command to a key.? o Defining the logical name "NEWS_INI" to a file containing aC sequence of DEFINE/KEY lines (which will be executed on startup of NEWS).2 ADD ADD is a NEWS MANAGER Command. Format: ADD Fi lenameE ADD is used to automatically load items into the news database. ThisE command is normally used to load network news batches onto the local3 node (locally generated news is POSTed into NEWS).A If the node is defined as a news routing node, this command also> generates the batch files to send to the adjacent NEWS nodes. A The file format for the add command is a batch format. Each fileD contains a number of news items, separated by the either one of the two valid seperator sequences: "#! rnews " " From: ... " 3 ParametersFilenameJ This parameter is the file name containing the news batch to add to NEWS.H The filename specified may be either a single filename, or may containF wildcards (which are expanded, and all files so specified are added).H Lists of filenames are supported, and all qualifiers may be used either4 globally or positionally for each file in the list.F Note that "sticky" defaults in the filename list are NOT supported in this version of NEWS. 3 Qualifiers/CREGRPC The default action of the ADD command is to only accept items intoB newsgroups which already exist on the system, rejecting all other@ newsgroups. This qualifier directs NEWS to automatically createA any new newsgroups which are specified in the item headers which@ do not already exist on the local system. Default is /NOCREGRP./DELETEH This qualifier directs NEWS to delete the input file after the contents/ have been add ed to NEWS. Default is /NODELETE./RETRYG When a network feed news item is rejected by the local node an attemptH is made to place the item into the "junk" newsgroup. This rejection mayD take place for a number of reasons, but the primary one is that theF NEWS.SYS file has rejected this item. You may wish to make changes toG the SYS file and retry adding the item. Normally such an attempt wouldE be rejected, as the Path: name now contains the local node name, andG this is regarded as a  loop in the news. /RETRY directs the ADD commandG to ignore the Path: line when checking the news item for addition into the local node./EXECUTEE "Control" messages are posted periodically to the net by various netD administrators to manage the network newsgroups. The default actionB is to create a DCL command file which will perform the command asB directed in the posting, and post (via MAIL) this command file toD the address "USENET". You can specify by /EXECUTE that the commands@ are to be executed immediately, and a record of the action will be posted to "USENET". /DEFNEWSGROUPE When reading extracts from VMS Mail into NEWS, the set of headers isB incomplete, and the action of NEWS is to post such items into theD "junk" newsgroup. You may specify a newsgroup to receive such items by this qualifier: e.g. MAIL> set folder CMU_TCPIP MAIL> extract/all tcp.mail MAIL> delete/all MAIL> exit $ NEWS/NOSCREEN( NEWS> add tcp.mail/defnews=a!nu.tcpip/NETFEEDD The default action of NEWS is to assume that all items added by theF ADD command are network news, and should be forwarded to News networkH neighbours (as specified by the SYS and DISTRIBUTION files). /NONETFEEDF inhibits the forwarding of ADDed items to neighbours. /NETFEED is the default/JUNKF When an item cannot be correctly parsed the default action is to postH the item into the "junk" newsgroup. Such automatic junking of items canF be stopped by the /NOJUNK" qualifier, in which case items which cannot. be parsed are discarded. /JUNK is the default/ACCEPTE Postings to moderated newsgroups require an "Approved:" stamp before@ NEWS will accept the posting. /ACCEPT overrides rhis condition,D allowing addition of unapproved postings into moderated newsgroups. /NOACCEPT is the default2 CANCELG Cancel allows the user to delete a news item from the NEWS system. TheG actions of this command are to remove the local copy of the news item,F # and also generate the necessary commands to propagate the deletion of+ the news item throughout the news network.E CANCEL will only operate on items which have been posted by the same- user as the user issuing the cancel command.D This restriction is lifted slightly for the local NEWS Manager, who0 can cancel ANY item posted from the local node.E There are no parameters to this command - CANCEL deletes the currentD news item. The user is prompted for confirmation before the command $ is executed.2 CLEARB There are two sets of objects that can be cleared: MARKS and KILL filters. 3 ParametersMARK Format: CLEAR MARK CLEAR MARK tagI CLEAR MARK removes all marks of the specified tag from the mark list. IfI no tag value is specified then ALL marks are cleared. Otherwise only theI specified tag value is cleared. The wildcard character ('*') can be used7 in the tag field to clear a set of related tags: e.g.: CLEAR MARK x*KILL For%mat: CLEAR KILL CLEAR MARK tagH CLEAR KILL removes the kill filter with the specified tag from the killF list. If no tag value is specified then ALL kill filters are cleared.; Otherwise only the specified kill filter is cleared. e.g.: CLEAR KILL 32 CREATE" CREATE is a NEWS MANAGER Command. Format: CREATE Newsgroup; Create is used to create new newsgroups on the local node. 3 Parameters NewsgroupH This parameter is the name of the newsgroup to crea&te. If the newsgroupG does not exist on the local node, then the user is prompted to confirm& that the newsgroup should be created.D This parameter can also contain a comma seperated list of newsgroup names to create. 3 Qualifiers/HOLD Format: CREATE Newsgroup/HOLD=nJ This qualifier specifies the retention period (in days) of the Newsgroup.G This retention period is defined as the period over which no new itemsI were posted to the newsgroup, after which the newsgroup i's automatically= deleted. If not specified, the system default value is used.H If the value "/HOLD=*" is used, the newsgroup will NOT be automatically deleted. /ITEMHOLD Format: CREATE Newsgroup/ITEMHOLD=nG This qualifier specifies the default retention period (in days) of theF items within this newsgroup. All news items will remain on the systemJ for the specified period, after which they will be automatically deleted.G If the value "/ITEMHOLD=*" is used, NO items with(in the newsgroup will be automatically deleted. /MODERATOR Format& Create Newsgroup/MODERATOR[=address]J This qualifier creates a moderated newsgroup. No user may post news itemsC directly into a moderated newsgroup (unless the user is the actualG moderator of the newsgroup). Any items posted into such newsgroups areA redirected into the mail systems, and are mailed directly to the moderator.? H The moderator a )ddress is held in the file NEWS_MANAGER:MAILPATHS. If noH address is specified, the default addressing mechanism (as described inH the MAILPATHS file) is used. If a specific address is used, the address! is stored in the MAILPATHS file.A The moderator address should be specified in the internet formatK (user@node.site.domain) - NOT Decnet format (the translation from internetF addresses to the equivalent Decent addresses is handled internally by NEWS)./LOCALG Newsgroups are define*d by default to be Network newsgroups - A networkF newsgroup is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" controlC message, and is deleted in response to a network-wide "rmgroup" or "checkgroups" message.F Newsgroups which are local to a site, or local to a domain within theD wider network are created with the "/LOCAL" qualifier. This ensuresH that the newsgroup will not be deleted by the network control messages./SERVER Format Create Newsgroup/SERVER=nodeD Newsgro+ups can be "mapped" via the NNTP protocols to a remote NEWS A system. Such "served" newsgroups do not keep a local copy of the? item texts on the local system, but access the text on demand.? The /SERVER defines the newsgroup as a "served" newsgroup, andA also selects the node which is the actual server. (The node name; must be 6 characters or less). The related qualifiers are: /PROTOCOL /KEEPREQUEST /FILEHOLD /INQUIRE /SINCE /PROTOCOL Format:2 CR ,EATE newsgroup/SERVER=node/PROTOCOL=protocolD This defines the transport protocol used by the NNTP server system.G Valid responses are either "DECNET", indicating that the remote systemD is connected via DECNET, or "TCP", indicating that the local vax isF running the TCP/IP protocol suite, and the remote system is connected via TCP/IP. /KEEPREQUESTB /KEEP request directs the local NEWS system to keep a copy of theC text of any items that are copied from the remote system, implyingB t-hat any subsequent requests to view the same item by other users@ do not require further network activity. /NOKEEPREQUEST implies@ that all requests to view items in this newsgroup imply network activity.@ The period of time that the text is held on the local system is- determined by the /FILEHOLD qualifier value. /KEEPREQUEST is the default. /FILEHOLD Format:6 CREATE newsgroup/SERVER=node/PROTO=TCP/KEEP/FILE=3E This qualifier is used in conjunction with /KEEPREQUEST to .determineE the retention period of retrieved item text on the local system. TheC period is specified in days, and /FILEHOLD=2 is the default value./INQUIRE Format:' CREATE/SERVER=node/PRTO=TCP/INQUIRE- CREATE anu.*/SERVER=node/PRTO=TCP/INQUIREI This command interrogates the remote system and creates local newsgroupsD which do not already exist on the loca system. The user is prompted) for each newsgroup before it is created.G If no newsgroup is specified, then all /newsgroups on the remote systemJ are matched against the local set. Otherwise a list of newsgroup patterns. can be used to limit the scope of the search./SINCE5 CREATE/SERVER=node/PRTO=TCP/INQUIRE/SINCE="1-JUL"E The /SINCE qualifier can be used in conjunction with the /INQUIRE toG limit the search for new newsgroups to those created since a specified date.E The value for the qualifier is VMS date time format, and "YESTERDAY" is the default value.2 DEFINEB This comm0and must be used with the qualifier /KEY to define a key equivalence string. 3 Qualifiers/KEYG Associates an equivalence string and a set of attributes with a key on7 the terminal keyboard. The /KEY qualifier is required. Format:) DEFINE/KEY key-name equivalence-string 4 Parameterskey-nameC Specifies the name of the key that you are defining. The following= table gives the key names in column one. The remaining threeE columns indicate the key designations on the ke1yboards for the three= different types of terminals that allow key definitions. AllD definable keys on VT52 terminals are located on the numeric keypad.E On VT100-type terminals you can define the LEFT and RIGHT arrow keysE as well as all the keys on the numeric keypad. There are three typesC of keys that can be defined on terminals with LK201 keyboards: (1)D keys on the numeric keypad, (2) keys on the editing keypad, and (3)C keys on the function key row across the top of the terminal. (N 2ote5 that you cannot define function keys F1 through F5.): Key-name LK201 VT100-type VT52< PF1 PF1 PF1 [blue]; PF2 PF2 PF2 [red]< PF3 PF3 PF3 [gray]9 PF4 PF4 PF4 - -? KP0,KP1,...,KP9 0,1,...,9 0,1,...,9 0,1,...,97 PERIOD . . .9 COMMA 3 , , n/a9 MINUS - - n/a; ENTER Enter ENTER ENTER; LEFT |<--| |<--| |<--|; RIGHT |-->| |-->| |-->|: E1 Find - - - -: E2 Insert Here - - - -: E3 Remove - - - -: E4 Select 4 - - - -: E5 Prev Screen - - - -: E6 Next Screen - - - -: HELP Help - - - -: DO Do - - - -: F6,F7,...,F20 F6,F7,...,F20 - - - -> Some defineable keys are enabled for definition all the time.E Others, including KP0 through KP9, PERIOD, COMMA, and MINUS, need toB be enabled for definition purposes. Y5ou must issue either the SETD TERMINAL/APPLICATION or SET TERMINAL/NONUMERIC command before using these keys.C The LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys and the F6 through F14 function keys? are reserved for command line editing. You must issue the SET< TERMINAL/NOLINE_EDITING command before defining these keys.equivalence-stringA Specifies the string which is to be processed when you press the@ key. If the string contains any spaces, enclose the equivalence string in quotation marks. 4 6Qualifiers/ECHO /ECHO /NOECHOA Determines whether or not the equivalence string is displayed onB your screen after the key has been pressed. The default is /ECHO.8 You cannot use /NOECHO with the /NOTERMINATE qualifier./ERASE /ERASE /NOERASED Determines whether or not the current line is erased before the key2 translation is inserted. The default is /NOERASE. /IF_STATE /IF_STATE=(state-name,...) /NOIF_STATE@ Specifies a list of one or more states, one of which 7must be in@ effect for the key definition to be in effect. If you omit theC /IF_STATE qualifier or use /NOIF_STATE, the current state is used.B The state name is an alphanumeric string. States are established= with the /SET_STATE qualifier or the SET KEY command. If you? specify only one state name, you can omit the parentheses. ByE including several state names, you can define a key to have the same& function in all the specified states. /LOCK_STATE /LOCK_STATE /NOLOCK_STATEC8 Specifies that the state set by the /SET_STATE qualifier remain in? effect until explicitly changed. If you use the /NOLOCK_STATEA qualifier, the state set by /SET_STATE is in effect only for theC next definable key that you press or for the next read terminating character that you type.D The default is /NOLOCK_STATE. The /LOCK_STATE qualifier can only be) specified with the /SET_STATE qualifier./LOG /LOG /NOLOGC Controls whether the system displays a message indicating t9hat theC key definition has been successfully created. The default is /LOG. /SET_STATE /SET_STATE=state-name /NOSET_STATEC Causes the specified state-name to be set when the key is pressed./ The state name can be any alphanumeric string.E If you omit the SET_STATE qualifier or use /NOSET_STATE, the currentB state that was locked remains in effect. If you have not included> this qualifier with a key definition, you can use the SET KEY% command to change the current state. /T :ERMINATE /TERMINATE /NOTERMINATEA Specifies whether or not the current equivalence string is to be= terminated (that is, processed) when the key is pressed. TheE default is /NOTERMINATE, which allows you to press other keys beforeB the equivalence string is processed. Pressing RETURN has the same effect as using /TERMINATE.D The /NOTERMINATE qualifier allows you to create key defintions thatB insert text into command lines, after prompts, or into other text that you are typing.;2 DELETE" DELETE is a NEWS MANAGER Command. Format Delete Items DELETE NewsgroupsG Delete is used to delete newsgroups or news items. The command accepts8 a list of newsgroups to delete, or a list of newsitems.D The actions of delete are determined by the current screen context.D If the screen is currently displaying the newsgroup directory, thenG the delete command is used to delete newsgroups. If the item directory5 is displayed, then the command refers to news ite<ms. 3 ParametersItemsH The items are specified as a list of item numbers, seperated by commas.B A range of items can be specified by seperating the start and end numbers by a minus.% All items can be specified by a '*'.B For example, to delete items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command is: DELETE 3-10,20,22-25 NewsgroupsF The newsgroups are specified as a list of names, seperated by commas.B The '*' wildcard may also be used to specify a set of newsgroups.=? The newsgroup name is interpreted as the prefix of a family of7 related newsgroups, so that, for example, the command: DELETE alt.obscureA will delete the newsgroup "alt.obscure", and also all newsgroups% matching the pattern "alt.obscure.*"A The user is asked for confirmation for each newsgroup to delete. 3 Qualifiers /IDENTIFIER /IDENTIFIER=message-id? This qualifier deletes the newsitem with the specified message@ identifier. If no identifier is given, NEWS w>ill prompt for the? identifier string. Note that the identifier value includes the '<' and '>' characters.C If /IDENTIFIER is used, this excludes the use of newsgroup or news item parameters to the command. 2 DEREGISTERE Removes your registration from a newsgroup. The newsgroup may eitherF be specified as a parameter to the command, or, if not specified, the# current newsgroup is deregistered. 3 ParametersNewsgroup-nameE This parameter is used unless /ALL is specified. Th?e parameter valueG is the newsgroup to remove from the registered list. If not specified,' the current newsgroup is deregistered. 3 Qualifiers/ALL@ This qualifier removes all newsgroups from the registered list. 2 DIRECTORYG In line mode, this command, by default lists all the news items in theF currently selected newsgroup, on a page by page basis, displaying the@ item number, creation date and item title. The listing normallyI commences 2 items before the current news item @(the last newsitem read).A This may be modified by one of the command qualifiers as listed. 3 Qualifiers/ALLF In screen mode this command resets the newsgroup directory to display? all newsgroups. This resets the actions of DIR/NEW or DIR/REG./NEWC In screen mode this command sets the newsgroup directory screen toE only display those newsgroups in which you are registered, and thereC are unread newsitems within those newsgroups. This is reset by the command DIR/ALL7 IAn line mode these newsgroups are listed page by page. /REGISTERC In screen mode this command sets the newsgroup directory screen toC only display those newsgroups in which you are registered. This is reset by the command DIR/ALL7 In line mode these newsgroups are listed page by page./RESET? This clears the internal memory copy of the NEWS database, andB reads a new copy of the database from the master index files into memory./SINCE /SINCE=dateF This displays all nBewsgroups which have had new items posted into theD newsgroup since the date specified. The date value of the qualifierC is in standard VMS date-time format. If no value is given for this qualifier, "TODAY" is assumed.2 DOWN Format DOWN DOWN NumberG In screen mode this moves the cursor down one line. The command has an> optional numeric parameter, the number of lines to move down.K This command may be used with the newsgroup directory, news item directory or news tCext displays.H The command "DOWN 1" is equivalent to the down arrow key, and "DOWN 18"& is equivalent to the Next Screen key. 3 ParametersNumber? This parameter specifies the number of lines to move down. If omitted, the default is 1 line2 EDIT Format: EDIT filenameE This allows you to edit a file from within NEWS. The NEWS editor (byB default the TPU editor, but this is user-defined by the NEWS_EDIT* logical name) is called to edit the file. 3 ParametersDFilename( Specifies the name of the file to edit.2 EXIT4 EXIT from NEWS. Ctrl-Z is also interpreted as EXIT.H EXIT implies that the context will be written to the NEWS context file:" (SYS$LOGIN:NEWS_GROUPS.REGISTER). 2 EXTRACT: EXTRACT copies the current news item into an output file. 3 ParametersFilenameB This specifies the name of the file to contain the extracted news item text. 3 Qualifiers/ALLE This qualifier modifies the EXTRACT command to copy ALL oEf the items1 in the current selected newsgroup onto the file./APPENDD This qualifier modifies the EXTRACT command to APPEND the output toE the nominated file, rather than the default action of creating a new version of the output file. 2 FOLLOWUP@ FOLLOWUP is used to post a reply to a news item back into NEWS.G If your system is configured into a news network, this reply item will) also be distributed through the network.C NEWS will fill in all defaulting news headers, and Fwill prompt forD all header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the# newsgroups to post the item into).@ If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated, the posting isG automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address (as defined in the MAILPATHS file).C The editor is invoked to form the reply, with the edit buffer pre-+ loaded with the text of the original item.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopicG Logical_names). 3 Qualifiers/HEADERS /NOHEADERS - DefaultD Followup will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a* list of newsgroups to post the item into.D The /HEADERS qualifier will force prompting for optional components& of the item header. These fields are:1 Summary - A one line summary of the postingF Reply-To - Mail address for REPLYing to the item (used if repliesF are to be sent to an address different from the poster H of the news)E Distribution - a list of keywords designed to limit the distributionA of a news item to a subject of the network. TheseD keywords are site specific, but commonly include the@ keywords "local" (do not forward to the net) andE "world" (forward as far as possible through the net).E Followup-To - The list of newsgroups where followup postings are toE be sent. This is used to move a discussion tIo another newsgroup.D Keywords - A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate< to other readers if the item is of interest./SELFA A copy of the NEWS posting will be mail as VMS MAIL to yourself. 2 FORWARDE Invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item to another# user (or yourself if so inclined). FORWARD and MAIL are synonmyns. 3 Qualifiers/TO /TO=user /TO=(user,user)F Specifies the VMS Mail address ofJ the users to receive the mail. This? may be a user name, or a list of names, and may also include a& distribution list file specification.: If not specified, the user is prompted for the /TO value./SUBJECT /SUBJECT=text string6 Specifies the subject of the message for the heading.? If not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value./EDIT /EDIT - Default /NOEDIT: Invokes the editor the item text before mailing the item.= The default editor is the TPU EDTK emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./SELF. Sends a copy of the message back to yourself./HEADERSG By default the news item headers are stripped off the item text beforeG it is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail( buffer as well as the body of the text.2 HELPD This command types out this help file. The command can be used withH parameters to specify the command on which you want the help displayed.2 KILL LB The KILL facility allows the user to filter out all messages of aI particular class - the READ/NEW command will mark such filtered items asF having been read without displaying the text of the item to the user,- and search forward for the next unread item.E The KILL filter works on three attributes for a match: the newsgroupJ name, the subject line and the sender's address. Of these attributes onlyJ one of the subject line and sender need be specified. Thus it is possibleD to filter allM postings by a particular sender in all newsgroups, orH filter a conversation stream from a particular newsgroup, or filter allJ postings from a particular sender within a specified conversation stream.E The KILL command adds entries to the kill filter list. Removing killF filters must be done manually by editing these kill entries: they areC stored in the file SYS$LOGIN:NEWS_GROUPS.REGISTER in the following format: news context entries MARKLIST mark entries KILLLIST! newsgr Noup S:subject F:from lineE To remove an entry, delete the relevant line from this file using an editor.H The KILL command has three qualifiers: /SUBJECT, /FROM and /HEADER. TheG /SUBJECT qualifier directs NEWS to add the current item's subject lineF to the kill filter set, and the /FROM directs NEWS to add the currentG item's From: line to the kill filter set. The /HEADER qualifier allowsK you to specify any other header line you wish to use to define the filter.E The command will thOen prompt for the set of newsgroups to which thisG filter will be applied. The default value is the current newsgroup butI more newsgroups may be specified using wildcard notation ('*') or a list of newsgroups. 3 Qualifiers/FROM= Add the current item's From: address to the kill filter set./SUBJECT< Add the current item's Subject line to the kill filter set./HEADER /HEADER=stringE Add a pattern to match against all headers into the kill filter. ForD example, toP filter all postings from a particular node address, the command is: KILL/HEADER="From: *@node"A The text is matched against all header lines of the item, and if, any lines match, the item is not displayed.2 MAILE Invokes VMS MAIL, to send a copy of the current news item to another# user (or yourself if so inclined). FORWARD and MAIL are synonmyns. 3 Qualifiers/TO /TO=user /TO=(user,user)F Specifies the VMS Mail address of the users to receive the mail. ThisQ? may be a user name, or a list of names, and may also include a& distribution list file specification.: If not specified, the user is prompted for the /TO value./SUBJECT /SUBJECT=text string6 Specifies the subject of the message for the heading.? If not specified, the user is prompted for the /SUBJECT value./EDIT /EDIT - Default /NOEDITG Invokes the editor to allow the item text to be edited before mailing.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this isR user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./SELF. Sends a copy of the message back to yourself./HEADERSG By default the news item headers are stripped off the item text beforeG it is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail( buffer as well as the body of the text.2 MARK Format: MARK MARK tagK MARK places a mark against the current newsitem. This item can be selectedF at a later stage by the READ/MARK or SELECT/MARK commands, orS printed by the PRINT/MARK command.K If no tag value is specified then the default tag, "mark" is used. Any tagK value may be specified - tag values are words (no space characters) of any (well, less than 80) length.2 MODIFY) MODIFY accepts a single parameter, KILL. 3 parametersKILL Format MOD KILL tagC MODIFY KILL allows you to edit a kill filter, specified by the tag value.J Each component of the kill filter (newsgroup list, subject, from, header)B iTs placed in the prompt buffer, and the line editing commands can$ be used to edit each field in turn. 2 NEWSGROUPSA In screen mode this pops the display stack back to the newsgroup directory screen. 2 NOSCREEN4 Turns off screen mode and enters line command mode.2 POSTF POST is used to post news items into the local NEWS database. If yourA system is configured into a news network, this item will also be! distributed through the network.C NEWS will fill in all defaulting neUws headers, and will prompt forD all header items which are non-defaulting (the subject line and the# newsgroups to post the item into).@ If the newsgroups for the posting are moderated, the posting is< automatically re-directed as mail to the moderator address. Format: POST POST Filename 3 ParametersFilenameD The name of the file containing the text of the item to post. If no= filename is given, the editor is invoked with an empty file. 3 Qualifiers/EDIT /EDVIT - Default /NOEDITA Invokes the editor to edit the post file. If no post filename isE specified, the editor call is forced, otherwise the edit call can be# disabled by the /NOEDIT qualifier.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./HEADERS /NOHEADERS - DefaultE Post will normally prompt for the subject of the posting, and a list% of newsgroups to post the item into.D The /HEADERS qualifier will force pro Wmpting for optional components& of the item header. These fields are:1 Summary - A one line summary of the postingF Reply-To - Mail address for REPLYing to the item (used if repliesF are to be sent to an address different from the poster of the news)E Distribution - a list of keywords designed to limit the distributionA of a news item to a subject of the network. TheseD keywords are site specific, but commonly incluXde the@ keywords "local" (do not forward to the net) andE "world" (forward as far as possible through the net).D Followup-To - The list of newsgroups where followup postings are toD be sent. This is used to move a discussion to another newsgroup.D Keywords - A few relevant, pithy keywords which should indicate< to other readers if the item is of interest. /NEWSGROUPS /NEWSGROUPS=newsgroup-list? This quYalifier specifies the list of newsgroups to receive the? posting. If this qualifier value is not specified, the user is prompted for the newsgroups./SUBJECT /SUBJECT=text stringI The subject line, or title of the posting. If this qualifier is omitted,$ the user is prompted for a subject./SELFA A copy of the NEWS posting will be mail as VMS MAIL to yourself./CONTROLD The Subject: header is duplicated as the Control: header line. This is a NEWS MANAGER qualifier.Z2 PRINTK Queues one or news items files for printing, either to the default system( printer queue or to a specified queue. Format: PRINT item-spec[,...] 3 Parameters item-spec[,...]A Specifies one or more items to be printed. The item-spec is the@ item number in the current newsgroup. If you specify two or? more items, separate the item numbers with either commas orF plus signs. The PRINT command concatenates the items into a singleF print job and by[ default, gives the job the name of the first file specified.C A range of items can be specified by seperating the start and end numbers by a minus.C All items within the current newsgroup can be specified by a '*'.B For example, to print items 3 through to 10, 20 and 22 to 25 the command is: PRINT 3-10,20,22-253 Command_Qualifiers/MARK /MARK=tagB This qualifier may be used INSTEAD of a list of item numbers, andA specifies that all items currently mark\ed with the specified tag are to be printed. e.g.:1 NEWS> PRINT/MARK="print"/QUEUE=SYSLP1/CONFIRM/AFTER /AFTER=time /NOAFTERD Requests that the job not be printed until a specific time of day.F You can specify either an absolute time or a combination of absoluteF and delta times. See Section 2.5 of the VAX/VMS DCL Concepts Manual5 for complete information on specifying time values.F If the specified time has already passed, the job is queued for printing i]mmediately./BEFORE /BEFORE[=time] /NOBEFORED Selects only those files that are dated before the specified time.F You can specify either an absolute time or a combination of absoluteF and delta times. See Section 2.5 of the VAX/VMS DCL Concepts ManualF for complete information on specifying time values. You can alsoF use the keywords TODAY, TOMORROW, and YESTERDAY. If no time is specified, TODAY is assumed./BURST /BURST[=keyword] /NOBURSTF Controls w ^hether a burst page is printed preceding a file. A burstF page precedes a flag page and contains the same information.F However, it is printed over the perforation between the burst pageF and the flag page. The printing on the perforation makes it easy toF see where individual print jobs or individual files within a single print job begin.F When you specify /BURST, you need not specify /FLAG; a flag page% automatically follows a burst page.C If the /BURST qualif _ier can take either of two keywords: ALL orF ONE. The ALL keyword indicates that each file in the job will beF preceded by a burst page and flag page. The ONE keyword indicatesF that a burst page will apply only to the first copy of the first file in the job.F Use the /[NO]BURST qualifier to override the installation-definedB defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using./CHARACTERISTICS( /CHARACTERISTICS=(characteristic[,...])G Specifies one `or more characteristics desired for printing the files.F If you specify only one characteristic, you can omit theF parentheses. Characteristics can refer to such things as color ofF ink. Codes for characteristics can be either names or values from 0F to 127 and are installation-defined. Use the SHOWF QUEUE/CHARACTERISTICS command to see which characteristics have beenF defined for your system. Use the SHOW QUEUE/FULL command to see< which characte aristics are available on a particular queue.F A print job can execute on a printer queue only if eachF characteristic specified with the PRINT command is also specifiedF for that particular printer queue. If you specify a characteristicF that has not been specified for that particular printer queue, theF job remains in a pending status. (In order for your job to print,F the system manager should stop the queue, physically change theF characteristics of the pbrinter, and restart the queue, specifying; the new values listed in the /CHARACTERISTICS qualifier.)F Specification of a characteristic for a printer queue does notF prevent jobs that do not specify that characteristic from being executed./CONFIRM /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM (default)F Controls whether a request is issued before each individual PRINTF operation to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file.F When the system issues thec prompt, you can issue any of the following responses: YES NO QUIT TRUE FALSE  1 0 ALL F You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase letters for wordF responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more lettersF (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE). Affirmative answers are YES,F TRUE, and 1. Negative answers are NO, FALSE, 0, and . QUIT orF CTRL/Z indicates that dyou want to stop processing the command atF that point. When you respond with ALL, the command continues toF process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a responseC other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued./COPIES /COPIES=nF Specifies the number of copies to print. Any number of copies, fromF 1 through 255, may be specified. By default, the PRINT command. prints a single copy of the specified files.F Each file in the pareameter list is printed the specified number of times./FEED /FEED (default) /NOFEEDF Controls whether the PRINT command automatically inserts form feedsF when it nears the end of a page. Use of the /FEED qualifier causesF the PRINT command to insert a form feed when the printer reaches theF bottom margin of the form. The number of lines per form can beF reset by the /FORM qualifier. You can suppress this automatic formF feed (without affecting any of the other cafrriage control functions4 that are in place) by using the /NOFEED qualifier.F The /[NO]FEED qualifier may be used to override theF installation-defined defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using./FLAG /FLAG[=keyword] /NOFLAGF Controls whether a flag page is printed preceding a file. The flagF page contains the name of the user submitting the job, the job entry= number, and other information about the file being printed.? The g/FLAG qualifier can take either of two keywords: ALL orF ONE. The ALL keyword indicates that each file in the job will beF preceded by a flag page. The ONE keyword indicates that a flag pageA will apply only to the first copy of the first file in the job.F Use the /[NO]FLAG qualifier to override the installation-definedB defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using./FORM /FORM=typeF Specifies the name or number of the form that you want for the p hrint job.F Specify the form type using a numeric value or alphanumeric name.F Form types can refer to the print image width and length or the typeF of paper. Codes for form types are installation-defined. You canF use the SHOW QUEUE/FORM command to find out the form types availableF for your system. Use the SHOW QUEUE/FULL command to find out theG name of the mounted form and the default form for a particular queue.F If you specify a form whose stock is different from ithe stock of theF form mounted on the queue, your job is placed in a pending stateF until the stock of the mounted form of the queue is set equal toF the stock of the form associated with the job. (In order to haveF your job print, the system manager should stop the queue, physicallyF change the paper stock on the output device, and restart the queue4 specifying the new form type as the mounted form.)/HEADER /HEADER /NOHEADER (default)F Controls whether a headijng line is printed at the top of each output page./HOLD /HOLD /NOHOLD (default)F Controls whether the file is available for printing immediately.F If you specify /HOLD, the job is not released for processing untilF you specifically release it with the /NOHOLD or /RELEASE qualifier! of the SET QUEUE/ENTRY command. /JOB_COUNT /JOB_COUNT=nG Requests that the entire job be printed n times, where n is a decimal integer from 1 to 255.% By default the job iks printed once. /LOWERCASE /LOWERCASE /NOLOWERCASE (default)F Indicates whether the job must be printed on a printer that can- print both uppercase and lowercase letters.F By default, files can be printed on printers that have only uppercase letters./NAME /NAME=job-nameF Defines a name string to identify the job. The name string can haveF from 1 to 39 characters. The job name is used in the SHOW QUEUE> command display and is printed on the lflag page for the job.F If you do not specify /NAME, the name string defaults to the file. name of the first, or only, file in the job./NOTE /NOTE=stringF Allows you to specify a message to appear on the flag page for the4 job. The string can contain up to 255 characters./NOTIFY /NOTIFY /NONOTIFY (default)F Controls whether a message is broadcast to any terminal at which youF are logged in, notifying you when your print job has been completed or aborted.m /OPERATOR /OPERATOR=stringF Allows you to specify a message to be sent to the operator. TheF string can contain up to 255 characters. When the job beginsF execution, the printer queue pauses and the message is transmitted to the operator. /PARAMETERS /PARAMETERS=(parameter[,...])F Specifies from one to eight optional parameters to be passed to the8 job. Each parameter can include up to 255 characters.B If you specify only one parameter, you can omit nthe parentheses.F The commas delimit individual parameters. To specify a parameterF that contains any special characters or delimiters, enclose the parameter in quotation marks./PASSALL /PASSALL /NOPASSALL (default)F Specifies whether the symbiont bypasses all formatting and sends theF output QIO to the driver with format suppressed. All qualifiersF affecting formatting, as well as the /HEADER, /PAGES, and* /PAGE_SETUP qualifiers, will be ignoreod. /PRIORITY /PRIORITY=nF Specifies the priority of the print job. The priority value must beF in the range of 0 through 255, where 0 is the lowest priority and 255 is the highest.F The default value for /PRIORITY is the value of the SYSGEN parameterF DEFQUEPRI. You must have either OPER (operator) or ALTPRI (alterF priority) privilege to raise the priority value above the value ofF the SYSGEN parameter MAXQUEPRI. No privilege is needed to set the* priority lowper than the MAXQUEPRI value./QUEUE /QUEUE=queue-name[:]F Requests that the print job be placed on the specified queue. If no4 queue is specified, files are queued to SYS$PRINT./RESTART /RESTART (default) /NORESTARTF Specifies whether the job can restart after a crash or a STOP/QUEUE/REQUEUE command./SETUP /SETUP=module[,...]F Calls for the specified modules to be extracted from the deviceF control library and copied to the printer before qa file is printed.3 By default, no device control modules are copied.F Note that the module names are not checked for validity until theF time that the file is actually printed. Therefore, PRINT/SETUP isF susceptible to typing errors and other mistakes, and is recommended only for experimental setups./ For production setups, see DEFINE/FORM/SETUP./SINCE /SINCE[=time] /NOSINCEC Selects only those items that are dated after the specified time.F You can specifry either an absolute time or a combination of absoluteF and delta times. See Section 2.5 of the VAX/VMS DCL Concepts ManualF for complete information on specifying time values. You can alsoF use the keywords TODAY, TOMORROW, and YESTERDAY. If no time is specified, TODAY is assumed./SPACE /SPACE /NOSPACE (default)F Controls whether output is to be double-spaced. The default is2 /NOSPACE, which results in single-spaced output./TRAILER /TRAILER[=keyword] s /NOTRAILERF Controls whether a trailer page is printed at the end of a file.F The trailer page displays the job entry number as well asF information about the user submitting the job and the files being printed.: The /TRAILER qualifier can take either of two keywords:F ALL or ONE. The ALL keyword indicates that each file in the jobF will be preceded by a trailer page. The ONE keyword indicates thatF a trailer page will apply only to the last copy of tthe last file in the job.F Use the /[NO]TRAILER qualifier to override the installation-definedB defaults that have been set for the printer queue you are using.2 QUITJ QUIT exits from NEWS without updating the user's NEWS context file. Thus,H no changes are made to the set of unread items nor are any changes madeG to the set of marked items and fill filters. This is a more controlled quit than Ctrl-C ot Ctrl-Y.2 READJ This command reads the current item from the current seulected news group,I and displays the item on the screen. The normal display is page-by-page,D however the arrow keys and the Prev/Next Screen keys as well as theG UP and DOWN commands can be used to move the display through the text.G The actions of READ can be modified by giving a Newsitem number, which will display that item. 3 ParametersNewsitemF This parameter to read may be either the number of a news item, a "."C (to re-read the last read item from the start), or "*" to reavd the last item in the group. 3 Qualifiers/HEADER? Normally NEWS will suppress the display of all network routingE headers. This qualifier produces a full display of the item contents including mail header lines./NEWD This command will display the next Unread news item from the set ofH registered newsgroups. This may cause an implicit Select of a different* newsgroup to obtain the next unread item./EDITOR@ This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to vieww theC newsitem. This is useful when it is required to scroll up and downB through the item text, or extract a part of the text into a file.G The default editor is the TPU editor, but this is user definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./TPU5 This qualifier is equivalent to the /EDIT qualifier.@ This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view theC newsitem. This is useful when it is required to scroll up and downB through the item text, or extract a part of the txext into a file.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./NEXTG When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text: display to be skipped, and the next item to be displayed./LASTG When reading a news item this command causes the remainder of the text> display to be skipped, and the previous item to be displayed./BACK5 This qualifier is equivalent to the /LAST qualifier.G When read ying a news item this command causes the remainder of the text> display to be skipped, and the previous item to be displayed./PARENTG NEWS items may reference a previous item that has been posted. In such; a case the text of the item commonly begins with the line:5 "In article {}, {user address} writes:"D When a news item references previous items, the header includes theC identifier of the parent item. READ/PARENT will display the parent% item referenced by the currenzt item. /IDENTIFIERI All NEWS items are identified by a unique message identification string.E (This identifier can be displayed using the READ/HEADER command, and$ noting the "Message-Id: ..." line).D An item to be displayed can be selected by providing the identifier of the item. e.g.:" READ/IDENTIFIER=<243@csc.anu.oz>/ROT13D Some news items are posted using a basic encryption method (rot13).D This qualifier uses the decryption algorithm to display the message content{s./MARK /MARK /MARK=tagD This command displays the text of the NEXT newsitem marked with theE specified tag value. If no tag value is specified then the next item marked with any tag is used. /FOLLOWUP /FOLLOWUP /FOLLOWUP/NEWF This command scans the current newsgroup for the next newsitem with aI subject field which matches that of the current newsitem subject (within the current newsgroup).J In this way the responses (if any) to the current newsitem can be viewed.|I If used in conjunction with the /NEW qualifier, this command can be used8 to present all unread items in a conversation ordering./PREVG NEWS maintains a history of the last 10 items read. READ/PREV pops theE most recent item index off this history stack and displays the item.E Repeated calls to READ/PREV will continue to pop the stack until the history stack is emptied. 2 REFRESHE In screen mode this command repaints the screen. This command is (by" default) bound to the C}trl-W key. 2 REGISTERB Adds newsgroups into the user's register file. Registering into aI newsgroup implies that NEWS will automatically keep track of which itemsH in the newsgroup have been read, and the user can view only unread news# items (with the READ/NEW command). Format: REGISTER Newsgroup-name REGISTER 3 ParametersNewsgroup-nameG This specifies the name of the newsgroup to register. If the parameterG is not specified, the current newsgroup is added to the reg~ister file. 3 Qualifiers/ALL@ This qualifier will register the user for ALL newsgroups on theF system. On a system with a high quantity of network news this must be considered a brave act!/NEWD This qualifier will register the user for all newsgroups created onF the system since the last time a REGISTER/ALL or REGISTER/NEW commandE was given. Thus the user is automatically registered into all recent@ newsgroups, and can then elect to deregister from some of those newsgroups./LOCAL> This qualifier will register all newsgroups which are "local"B newsgroups (as distinct to those newsgroups which are distributed through the News network. /NETGROUPSD This qualifier will register all newsgroups which are maintained as network-wide newsgroups./SINCE /SINCE=dateH This qualifier will register all newsgroups created since the specified time. VMS date-time format is used./BEFORE /BEFORE=dateI This qualifier will register all newsgroups c€reated before the specified time. VMS date-time format is used. /PRIORITY /PRIORITY=numberA This qualifier assigns a read priority to the newsgroup. This isE particularly useful if you are registered in a number of newsgroups,B and would like to view new items (using READ/NEW) in a particular@ order of newsgroups. The value is a number (between 1 and 255), increasing with priority.B For example, if you have new items in net.animals and soc.chineseA and the priority of soc.chinese is greater then net.animals, newC items in soc.chinese will be displayed first when using READ/NEW)./RECORDG This qualifier is used to record the current date as the last registerE update time. This implies that subsequent REG/NEW commands will only8 select those newsgroups created after the current date./CONFIRME This qualifier directs NEWS to prompt for confirmation before adding$ a newsgroup to the registered list.2 REPLYE REPLY posts a MAIL reply directly to ‚the sender of a news item. ThisF is used to respond directly to the poster of an item without the item appearing on the net.F News will pre-load the edit buffer with the text of the item to whichD to reply is being sent, then invoke the editor. (The default editor> is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user definable - see the subtopic Logical_names).H On a normal exit from the editor the item is posted via VMS Mail to theD sender (The sender's address is mapped into the equivalent VMS ƒMail8 address by site specific address transformation rules). 3 Qualifiers/HEADERSG By default the news item headers are stripped off the item text beforeG it is mailed. This qualifier loads the item header lines into the mail( buffer as well as the body of the text./SUBJECT /SUBJECT=text stringG This specifies the subject header of the mail reply. If not specified,' NEWS will prompt for a Subject: field./SELF /NOSELF [default]H This is a mail qualifier which wi„ll forward a copy of the outgoing mail item back to the sender.2 SEARCH@ This command directs NEWS to locate a newsitem which contains aG specified text string. The next item which contains the text string isH displayed on the screen. Repeated calls to SEARCH (without specifying aI text string) will locate successive occurrences in other news items that! are in the specified newsgroups. Format: SEARCH [target]H This operation make tie up your terminal for long periods, pa…rticularlyG if you have specified "*" as the newsgroup to search. To interrupt theE search, press any key - the normal command prompt will appear at the base of the screen. 3 ParametersTargetH This parameter specifies the search string target. If not specified the previous target string is used.G The search is usually case-insensitive, but this may be reversed (madeH case sensitive) by specifying a mixed-case string (i.e. upper case onlyG and lower case only target strings are †case-insensitive). To specify aE mixed-case string you must enclose the string in "" characters (e.g. SEARCH "String") 3 Qualifiers /NEWSGROUPSG By default the search is limited to the current newsgroup. This can beD modified by specifying the newsgroups which should be searched. TheE wildcard character ('*') may be used to include a set of newsgroups.F A number of newsgroups may be specified with the usual list notation. For example:) SEARCH/NEWSGROUPS=(aus.*,anu.*) womb‡ats/EDIT@ This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view theC newsitem. This is useful when it is required to scroll up and downB through the item text, or extract a part of the text into a file.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./TPU5 This qualifier is equivalent to the /EDIT qualifier.@ This qualifier will use an editor in read-only mode to view theC newsitem. This is useful when it is rˆequired to scroll up and downB through the item text, or extract a part of the text into a file.= The default editor is the TPU EDT emulator, but this is user, definable (see the subtopic Logical_names)./HEADER? Normally NEWS will suppress the display of all network routingE headers. This qualifier produces a full display of the item contents including mail header lines./DISPLAY /NODISPLAYI Determines whether the item text will be displayed following the search.F By de ‰fault the text is displayed, but if /NODISPLAY is specified, theD screen directory will be positioned on the item, but not displayed.2 SCREEND This enters NEWS' screen display mode. In this mode there are threeE screen levels: the Newsgroup screen, where every newsgroup header isG displayed, a Newsitem screen, displaying newsitem headers, and an Item' text screen, displaying item contents.H The current object is shown by a cursor on the left of the display. TheE cursor can be moved uŠp and down by the arrow keys or the UP and DOWNG commands (or Prev-Screen and Next-Screen commands on VT220 keyboards).H This is the default mode for NEWS. The line mode can be selected by the command: NOSCREEN.2 SELECTH SELECT changes newsgroup context to the nominated newsgroup.The commandC normally takes one parameter, the name of the newsgroup to select. Example:+ SELECT test ... to select newsgroup test 3 Qualifiers/NEWB This qualifier is used in place of a ne‹wsgroup to select the nextF registered newsgroup which contains unread news items. If the current> newsgroup contains unread items, then no action is performed./MARK Format: SELECT/MARK SELECT/MARK=tagH This command moves the current item pointer to the NEXT newsitem markedI with the specified tag value. If no tag value is specified than the next" item marked with any tag is used.2 SET SET is a NEWS MANAGER Command.G SET modifies the retention period of newsgrŒoups or of newsitems withinG newsgroups. Retention periods are set up by a hierarchy of defaults in NEWS.9 SET is also used to set (or reset) moderated newsgroups.G For NEWSITEMS there is a default retention period of 30 days. This mayE be overridden by specifying a system wide item retention period. for items. e.g: SET NEWSGROUP */ITEMHOLD=14H This system default may be overridden by specifying a default retention9 period for all items within a particular newsgroup. e.g:. SET NEWSGROUP mod.computers.mac/ITEMHOLD=30C This newsgroup default may be overridden by specifying a retention# period for a particular item. e.g: SET ITEM 34/HOLD=90H For NEWSGROUPS there is a default retention period of 60 days (i.e. theG most recent posting to this newsgroup occurred 60 days previously, ANDH the newsgroup is currently empty). This may be overridden by specifying* a system wide item retention period. e.g: SET NEWSGROUP */HOLD=30I This may be overridŽden by specifying a retention period for a newsgroup. e.g:* SET NEWSGROUP mod.computers.mac/HOLD=60 There are two SET commands:* SET NEWSGROUP newsgroup-name/qualifiers SET ITEM item-num/qualifiers 3 ParametersNEWSGROUP newsgroup-name@ SET NEWSGROUP modifies the newsgroup retention attributes ofE newsgroups or of the default news item retention period. The command format is:% SET NEWSGROUP newsgroup-name/quals or SET NEWSGROUP */qualsD The first form requires the name of a newsgroup (or defaults to the# current newsgroup in screen mode).C The second form applies to the global defaults used in the system.C The qualifiers accepted here are /ITEMHOLD, /HOLD, and in the case2 where a particular newsgroup is named, /MODERATOR ITEM item-numD SET ITEM modifies the newsgroup retention attributes of news items. The command format is: SET ITEM name/HOLD=valB This requires the number of a newitem (or defaults to the current newsitem in screen mode).DISPLAYC This command is used to set display parameters. At this point only# 1 qualifier is supported: SCANSIZE 3 Qualifiers /SCANSIZE /SCANSIZE=nI SET DISPLAY/SCANSIZE=n is used to limit the size of the first screen of $ text displayed by the READ command.E The intention in reducing the size of the first display screen is toF allow faster scanning of unread news items, allowing you to only fill@ out the screen with those items whose first‘ few lines appear of some interest./HOLD Format: /HOLD=daysF This command qualifier defines the retention period for newsgroups orD news items. The value of the qualifier is specified in days. If a 0A value is given, this indicates that a higher level default valueD should be used. If a value of '*' is given, this indicates that the< retention is PERMANENT (i.e. may only be deleted manually). /ITEMHOLD Format: /ITEMHOLD=daysE This command qualifier defines ’the default retention period for newsE items within a newsgroup. The value of the qualifier is specified in@ days. If a 0 value is given, this indicates that a higher levelF default value should be used. If a value of '*' is given as the value: for days, this indicates that the retention is PERMANENT. /MODERATOR Format: /MODERATOR=address /NOMODERATORE This command is used with SET NEWSGROUP, and sets the newsgroup as aB moderated newsgroup, or clears the moderator condition.“ The valueA of the /MODERATOR is an internet-style address of the moderator.? This address is translated into VMS Mail format automatically.; The /NOMODERATOR is used to clear the moderator condition.E Moderated newsgroups can only accept posting from the moderator. AllD other users who attempt to post to this newsgroup are automatically? routed into the mail system to send the item to the moderator./LOCALG Newsgroups are defined by default to be Network newsgroups - A networkF” newsgroup is created in response to a network-wide "newgroup" controlC message, and is deleted in response to a network-wide "rmgroup" or "checkgroups" message.B Newsgroups which are local to a site, or local to a domain withinH the wider network are created with the "/LOCAL" qualifier. This ensuresH that the newsgroup will not be deleted by the network control messages./SERVER Format SET Newsgroup/SERVER=nodeD Newsgroups can be "mapped" via the NNTP protocols to a remote• NEWS A system. Such "served" newsgroups do not keep a local copy of the? item texts on the local system, but access the text on demand.? The /SERVER defines the newsgroup as a "served" newsgroup, andA also selects the node which is the actual server. (The node name; must be 6 characters or less). The related qualifiers are: /PROTOCOL /KEEPREQUEST /FILEHOLD /PROTOCOL Format:/ SET newsgroup/SERVER=node/PROTOCOL=protocolD This defines the transport protoc –ol used by the NNTP server system.G Valid responses are either "DECNET", indicating that the remote systemD is connected via DECNET, or "TCP", indicating that the local vax isF running the TCP/IP protocol suite, and the remote system is connected via TCP/IP. /KEEPREQUESTB /KEEP request directs the local NEWS system to keep a copy of theC text of any items that are copied from the remote system, implyingB that any subsequent requests to view the same item by other users@ do not require —further network activity. /NOKEEPREQUEST implies@ that all requests to view items in this newsgroup imply network activity.@ The period of time that the text is held on the local system is- determined by the /FILEHOLD qualifier value. /KEEPREQUEST is the default. /FILEHOLD Format:3 SET newsgroup/SERVER=node/PROTO=TCP/KEEP/FILE=3E This qualifier is used in conjunction with /KEEPREQUEST to determineE the retention period of retrieved item text on the local system. TheC˜ period is specified in days, and /FILEHOLD=2 is the default value. 2 SHOWG SHOW displays the control information for newsgroups or for news items in the News database.H This information includes the retention period, relevant deletion time,* and the moderator address (if moderated). Format: SHOW NEWSGROUP newsgroup-name SHOW ITEM item-num SHOW MARK tag SHOW KILLA Retention periods may be set on a system default basis, on a per( newsgroup basis, or™ for specific items. 3 ParametersNEWSGROUP newsgroup-nameB SHOW NEWSGROUP displays the newsgroup retention attributes of the: newsgroup, and also the moderator address (if moderated).B The newsgroup-name may be either a newsgroup name (to display theA specific information for that newsgroup), or '*' (to display the( system defaults for retention periods). ITEM item-numB SHOW ITEM displays the retention period for a specific news item.MARK tag Format: SHOW MARKš SHOW MARK tagG SHOW MARK displays a listing of the set of marked newsitems. If no tagH value is specified, then all mark tag values are displayed. If a tag isH used then only those tag values which match using wildcard matching are displayed.KILL> SHOW KILL displays the current kill filter set on the screen.2 SKIM SKIM is a NEWS MANAGER Command.G SKIM checks aspects of the news database for internal consistency, and: also enforces news item and newsgroup expiry time lim›its.F By default the command will check all news items, all newsgroups, allF message identifiers and all item files in the news database, removingG any inconsistencies found in the News database. By default all deleted items are NOT archived.E Any of these functions can be stopped by use of the /NOxxx qualifier in the command line. 3 Qualifiers/ITEMS /NOITEMS8 SKIM/ITEMS performs a pass over all current news items:E 1. Deletes items which are older than the pre-determinœed item life.B 2. Deletes any items which have no associated message identifier entry.E 3. Updates any inconsistencies in the newsgroup file concerning the' number of items in each newsgroup.I The /ARCH qualifier can be used in conjunction with this pass to archive9 any files that are to be deleted from the news database. /NEWSGROUPS /NONEWSGROUPS3 SKIM/NEWSGROUPS performs the following operations:C 1. Checks the existence of all items in the newsgroup, and update& newsgroup counts if inconsistent.B 2. Deletes any newsgroup which has had no new entries for a siteB determined period (Thus cancellation of dormant newsgroups is! automatic with this command./FILES /NOFILESF SKIM/FILES examines every .ITM file in the news database, purging allE back versions of any file, and deleting any .ITM files which have no* corresponding entry in the item database./ARCHIVE Format: /ARCHIVE=FilenameG This can be used in conžjunction with /ITEMS to archive a copy of everyH item that is to be deleted from the News database. The items are storedF in seperate versions of the specified file, so it will cause problems0 if a low version limit is imposed on this file./SERVED /SERVED [D] /NOSERVEDC The /SERVED pass by the SKIM command interrodates the remote nodesF configured as NNTP servers to the local system, and updates the localD database to be consistent with the items held on the remote system. /SERVŸED is the default action./HISTORY /HISTORY /HISTORY=daysG NEWS uses a "history" file to prevent looping of news items. All itemsE identifiers which have been stored on the local system are passed to6 the history file once the local item copy is expired.J The history file is a text file, containing date - item identifier pairs.@ When a new item is added to the local news database, a check isA made to this history file to ensure that the item was not stored on the system in the  past.F The /HISTORY pass of SKIM removes old entries from this history file.@ By default items remain in the file for 45 days, but this value. may be changed by the SKIM/HISTORY=n command.2 SKIPE SKIP will mark items as having been read by the user. If the currentB screen is the newsitem directory, then SKIP will mark the currentA newsitem as read - if the screen is the newsgroup directory then4 SKIP will mark ALL items in that newsgroup as read.I The command takes one optional pa¡rameter, a newsgroup name, which can be; used to mark as read ALL items in the nominated newsgroup. 3 Parameters NewsgroupE This qualifier changes context to the named newsgroup when recording items as skipped. 3 Qualifiers/ALLE This qualifier will mark ALL news items in ALL registered newsgroups! as having been read by the user./POINTERG This will mark all items (on an item screen) as being read, up to, and including, the current item./BEFORE /BEFORE=d¢ateD This will mark all items as read which were created before the dateH specified. If the qualifier /ALL is used this will span all newsgroups.1 By default this will span the current newsgroup.H The date format is the standard VMS date-time format. The default value of this qualifier is "TODAY" /FOLLOWUPH All newsitems in the current newsgroup with a subject field the same as- the current newsitem will be marked as read.H This command is used to skip entire conversation stre£ams: all newsitems@ with related subject fields will be marked as having been read. /NEWSGROUPE This qualifier will mark ALL items in the current newsgroup as read.D If the screen is displaying the newsgroup directory then /NEWSGROUPA is the default action - if the screen is displaying the newsitem@ directory then /NONEWSGROUP is the default action, and only the current item will be marked2 SPAWNA Spawn a DCL level subprocess from NEWS (using LIB$SPAWN). LOGOUT% from the subpro¤cess returns to NEWS.2 UNMARK Format: UNMARK UNMARK tagI UNMARK clears the mark from the current news item. If a tag is specifiedK with the command, then only those tag values will be cleared. If no tag isG specified, then all tags will be removed from the item. The tag may be% specified using wildcard characters.2 UNREADJ This command marks the current item as UNREAD - The item will be remarkedH again as unread, and will be displayed at a later stage by the READ/N¥EW4 command (if the item is in a registered newsgroup).F This command is useful to mark items for re-reading at a later stage.2 UP Format UP UP NumberE In screen mode this moves the cursor up one line. The command has an< optional numeric parameter, the number of lines to move up.K This command may be used with the newsgroup directory, news item directory or news text displays.B The command "UP 1" is equivalent to the up arrow key, and "UP 18"& is equivalent to ¦the Prev Screen key. 3 ParametersNumber= This parameter specifies the number of lines to move up. If omitted, the default is 1 line 2 VERSIONN This command will display the version and creation date of the NEWS Software.@ This software is running at Version 5.4, created on 4-Aug-1988.' Changes introduced in Version 5.0 are:< - Implementation of server node support using NNTP servers - Additional SKIP qualifiers# - Additional DIRECTORY qualifiers' Changes introdu§ced in Version 5.1 are: - UNREAD command$ - Support for MARKing of newsitems' Changes introduced in Version 5.2 are:B - Remember newsgroup directory filter across invocations of NEWS> - NEWS_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY and NEWS_POST_CC user logical names* - POST/SELF and FOLLOWUP/SELF qualifiers* - Support for the ihave/sendme protocols* - /CONTROL qualifier to the POST command&Changes introduced in Version 5.3 are:, - SET DISPLAY/SCAN=lines for scanning news - CLEAR KILL tag - MO DIFY KILL tagE - ADD/EXECUTE qualifier for automatic execution of control messages- - EDIT filename - to edit an arbitrary file&Changes introduced in Version 5.4 are:$ - HISTORY file of item identifiers( - Scroll control in news item displays1 - Enchanced functionality in the PRINT command.ww