%ė VAX-11 Librarian V04-00ĀN‚Á1ĸ”āï‰Á1ĸ”Š|Ŧ5gnuplot ­āï‰Á1ĸ” 1 gnuplotF GNUPLOT is a command-driven interactive function plotting program. ItD is case sensitive (commands and function names written in lowercaseE are not the same as those written in CAPS). All command names may beF abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous. Any number? of commands may appear on a line, separated by semicolons (;).H Strings are indicated with quotes. They may be either single or double quotation marks, e.g., load "file name" cd 'dir' H Any command-line arguments are assumed to be names of files containing F GNUPLOT commands, with the exception of standard X11 arguments, whichI are processed first. Each file is loaded with the `load` command, in theG order specified. GNUPLOT exits after the last file is processed. WhenB no load files are named, gnuplot enters into an interactive mode. > Commands may extend over several input lines, by ending each G line but the last with a backslash (\). T he backslash must be the LASTF character on each line. The effect is as if the backslash and newlineE were not there. That is, no white space is implied, nor is a commentD terminated. Therefore, commenting out a continued line comments out$ the entire command (see `comment`). F In this documentation, curly braces ({}) denote optional arguments toC many commands, and a vertical bar (|) separates mutually exclusiveF choices. GNUPLOT keywords or help topics are indicated by backquotesG or  `boldface` (where available). Angle brackets (<>) are used to mark replaceable tokens. F For help on any topic, type `help` followed by the name of the topic.> The new GNUPLOT user should begin by reading about the `plot` command (type `help plot`).2 cd0 The `cd` command changes the working directory.  Syntax: cd "" / The directory name must be enclosed in quotes. Examples: cd 'subdir' cd ".."2 clearB The `clear` command erases the current screen or output device as@ specified by `set output`. This usually generates a formfeed on= hardcopy devices. Use `set terminal` to set the device type.2 command-line editingF The Unix and IBM PC versions of GNUPLOT support command-line editing.E Also, a history mechanism allows previous commands to be edited, andB re-executed. After the command line has been edited, a newline orC carriage return will enter the entire line regardless of where the cursor is positioned. % The editing commands are as follows:  `Line editing`: " ^B moves back a single character.% ^F moves forward a single character.' ^A moves to the beginning of the line.! ^E moves to the end of the line.* ^H and DEL delete the previous character." ^D deletes the current character.5 ^K deletes from current position to the end of line., ^L,^R redraws line in case it gets trashed. ^U deletes the entire line. ^W deletes the last word. `History`:  ^P moves back through  history." ^N moves forward through history.E On the IBM PC the use of a TSR program such as DOSEDIT or CED may beG desired for line editing. For such a case GNUPLOT may be compiled withI no line editing capability (default makefile setup). Set READLINE in theG makefile and add readline.obj to the link file if GNUPLOT line editingC is to be used for the IBM PC. The following arrow keys may be used+ on the IBM PC version if readline is used:  Left Arrow - same as ^B. Right A rrow - same as ^F. Ctl Left Arrow - same as ^A. Ctl Right Arrow - same as ^E. Up Arrow - same as ^P. Down Arrow - same as ^N. 2 commentK Comments are supported as follows: a # may appear in most places in a lineD and GNUPLOT will ignore the rest of the line. It will not have thisI effect inside quotes, inside numbers (including complex numbers), insideG command substitutions, etc. In short, it works anywhere it makes sense to work. 2 environmentC A number of she ll environment variables are understood by GNUPLOT./ None of these are required, but may be useful. F If GNUTERM is defined, it is used as the name of the terminal type toE be used. This overrides any terminal type sensed by GNUPLOT on startF up, but is itself overridden by the .gnuplot (or equivalent) start-up@ file (see `start-up`), and of course by later explicit changes. I On Unix, AmigaDOS, and MS-DOS, GNUHELP may be defined to be the pathname of the HELP file (gnuplot.gih).B  On VMS, the symbol GNUPLOT$HELP should be defined as the name of  the help library for GNUPLOT. @ On Unix, HOME is used as the name of a directory to search for ; a .gnuplot file if none is found in the current directory.E On AmigaDOS and MS-DOS, GNUPLOT is used. On VMS, SYS$LOGIN: is used. See help start-up. > On Unix, PAGER is used as an output filter for help messages. H On Unix and AmigaDOS, SHELL is used for the `shell` command. On MS-DOS,) COMSPEC is used for the `shell` c ommand.@ On AmigaDOS, GNUFONT is used for the screen font. For example: "setenv GNUFONT sapphire/14".N On MS-DOS, if the BGI interface is used, the variable `BGI` is used to point K to the full path to the BGI drivers directory. Furthermore SVGA is used toI name the Super VGA BGI driver in 800x600 res., and its mode of operation as 'Name.Mode'.L For example, if the Super VGA driver is C:\TC\BGI\SVGADRV.BGI and mode 3 isK used for 800x600 res., then: 'set BGI=C:\TC\BGI' and 'set SVGA= SVGADRV.3'.2 exit= The commands `exit` and `quit` and the END-OF-FILE characterC will exit GNUPLOT. All these commands will clear the output device. (as the `clear` command does) before exiting. 2 expressions@ In general, any mathematical expression accepted by C, FORTRAN,@ Pascal, or BASIC is valid. The precedence of these operators is@ determined by the specifications of the C programming language.= White space (spaces and tabs) is ignored inside expressions. H Complex constants m ay be expressed as the {,}, where ; and must be numerical constants. For example, {3,2}B represents 3 + 2i; {0,1} represents `i` itself. The curly braces  are explicitly required here. 3 functionsE The functions in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding functionsD in the Unix math library, except that all functions accept integer,? real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted. The `sgn`) function is also supported, as in BASIC.4 absC The `abs` funct ion returns the absolute value of its argument. The4 returned value is of the same type as the argument. C For complex arguments, abs(x) is defined as the length of x in the7 complex plane [i.e., sqrt(real(x)**2 + imag(x)**2) ].4 acosC The `acos` function returns the arc cosine (inverse cosine) of its2 argument. `acos` returns its argument in radians.4 argF The `arg` function returns the phase of a complex number, in radians.4 asinG The `asin` function returns the arc sin (invers e sin) of its argument.( `asin` returns its argument in radians.4 atanE The `atan` function returns the arc tangent (inverse tangent) of its2 argument. `atan` returns its argument in radians.4 besj0G The `besj0` function returns the j0th Bessel function of its argument./ `besj0` expects its argument to be in radians.4 besj1G The `besj1` function returns the j1st Bessel function of its argument./ `besj1` expects its argument to be in radians.4 besy0G The `besy0` function return s the y0th Bessel function of its argument./ `besy0` expects its argument to be in radians.4 besy1G The `besy1` function returns the y1st Bessel function of its argument./ `besy1` expects its argument to be in radians.4 ceilK The `ceil` function returns the smallest integer that is not less than itsC argument. For complex numbers, `ceil` returns the smallest integer- not less than the real part of its argument.4 cosI The `cos` function returns the cosine of its argument. `cos` expects its argument to be in radians.4 coshC The `cosh` function returns the hyperbolic cosine of its argument.. `cosh` expects its argument to be in radians.4 expD The `exp` function returns the exponential function of its argument+ (`e` raised to the power of its argument).4 floorF The `floor` function returns the largest integer not greater than its; argument. For complex numbers, `floor` returns the largest8 integer not greater than the real part of its argument.4 gammaD The `gamma` function returns the gamma function of the real part of/ its argument. For integer n, gamma(n+1) = n! .H If the argument is a complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.4 imagD The `imag` function returns the imaginary part of its argument as a real number.4 intG The `int` function returns the integer part of its argument, truncated toward zero.4 logC The `log` function returns the natural logarithm (base `e`) of its argument.4 log10F The `log10` function returns the logarithm (base 10) of its argument.4 real; The `real` function returns the real part of its argument.4 sgnD The `sgn` function returns 1 if its argument is positive, -1 if itsB argument is negative, and 0 if its argument is 0. If the argument8 is a complex value, the imaginary component is ignored.4 sinG The `sin` function returns the sine of its argument. `sin` expects its argument to be in radians.4 sinhH The `sinh` function returns the hyperbolic sine of its argume nt. `sinh`' expects its argument to be in radians.4 sqrt= The `sqrt` function returns the square root of its argument.4 tanF The `tan` function returns the tangent of its argument. `tan` expects its argument to be in radians.4 tanhD The `tanh` function returns the hyperbolic tangent of its argument.. `tanh` expects its argument to be in radians. 3 operatorsE The operators in GNUPLOT are the same as the corresponding operators@ in the C programming language, except that all operators accept> integer, real, and complex arguments, unless otherwise noted.> The ** operator (exponentiation) is supported, as in FORTRAN. 7 Parentheses may be used to change order of evaluation.4 binary> The following is a list of all the binary operators and their usages: & Symbol Example Explanation+ ** a**b exponentiation+ * a*b multiplication% / a/b division# % a%b * modulo% +  a+b addition( - a-b subtraction% == a==b equality' != a!=b inequality( & a&b * bitwise AND1 ^ a^b * bitwise exclusive OR1 | a|b * bitwise inclusive OR( && a&&b * logical AND' || a||b * logical OR. ?: a?b:c * ternary operation = (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires i nteger arguments. A Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) short-circuit the way they do in C.@ That is, the second && operand is not evaluated if the first isD false; the second || operand is not evaluated if the first is true. @ The ternary operator evaluates its first argument (a). If it isC true (non-zero) the second argument (b) is evaluated and returned,< otherwise the third argument (c) is evaluated and returned.4 unary= The following is a list of all the unary operators and their usages: % Symbol Example Explanation& - -a unary minus+ ~ ~a * one's complement+ ! !a * logical negation$ ! a! * factorial @ (*) Starred explanations indicate that the operator requires an integer argument. G The factorial operator returns a real number to allow a greater range.2 helpF The `help` command displays on-line help. To specify information on a! particular topic use the syntax:  help {} > If is not specified, a short message is printed aboutA GNUPLOT. After help for the requested topic is given, help for aA subtopic may be requested by typing its name, extending the helpB request. After that subtopic has been printed, the request may beE extended again, or simply pressing return goes back one level to theB previous topic. Eventually, the GNUPLOT command line will return.2 loadE The `load` command executes each line of the specified !input file asC if it had been typed in interactively. Files created by the `save`> command can later be `load`ed. Any text file containing validA commands can be created and then executed by the `load` command.A Files being `load`ed may themselves contain `load` commands. See6 `comment` for information about comments in commands. 9 The `load` command must be the last command on the line.  Syntax: load "" 7 The name of the input file must be enclosed in quot"es. Examples:  load 'work.gnu' load "func.dat" F The `load` command is performed implicitly on any file names given asC arguments to GNUPLOT. These are loaded in the order specified, and then GNUPLOT exits.2 pauseF The `pause` command displays any text associated with the command andF then waits a specified amount of time or until the carriage return isI pressed. `pause` is especially useful in conjunction with `load` files. Syntax:" pause {""}C